How does Webpack work and what are its core concepts?

// webpack.config.js
const path = require('path');
const HtmlWebpackPlugin = require('html-webpack-plugin');
const MiniCssExtractPlugin = require('mini-css-extract-plugin');

module.exports = {
  // Entry point(s)
  entry: {
    main: './src/index.js',
    admin: './src/admin.js',
  },
  
  // Output configuration
  output: {
    path: path.resolve(__dirname, 'dist'),
    filename: '[name].[contenthash].js',
    clean: true, // Clean dist folder
  },
  
  // Mode: development or production
  mode: 'production',
  
  // Module rules (loaders)
  module: {
    rules: [
      // JavaScript/JSX with Babel
      {
        test: /\.jsx?$/,
        exclude: /node_modules/,
        use: 'babel-loader',
      },
      // CSS
      {
        test: /\.css$/,
        use: [MiniCssExtractPlugin.loader, 'css-loader'],
      },
      // Images
      {
        test: /\.(png|jpg|gif|svg)$/,
        type: 'asset/resource',
      },
    ],
  },
  
  // Plugins
  plugins: [
    new HtmlWebpackPlugin({
      template: './src/index.html',
    }),
    new MiniCssExtractPlugin({
      filename: '[name].[contenthash].css',
    }),
  ],
};