system-design

Real-time frontend architecture enables instant data updates without page refreshes — choosing between WebSockets, Server-Sent Events, and long polling depends on whether your communication is bidirectional, and building features like presence indicators, notifications, and collaborative editing requires understanding event-driven patterns and conflict resolution.

Scaling frontend applications across large teams and millions of users requires patterns like micro-frontends for team autonomy, code splitting for bundle optimization, performance budgets for accountability, feature flags for safe rollouts, and CDN/edge strategies for global delivery.